2020 Virtual Annual Meeting Program
November 6-7, 2020
Welcome to the 106th Kentucky Academy of Science Annual Meeting
Jones College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Murray State University
Thank you to our Silver Sponsors
Thank you to our In-Kind partner
Thank you to our Program Coordinator
Melony Stambaugh
Thank you to Our 2020 Section Leaders
Agricultural Sciences
Maheteme Gebremedhin, Kentucky State University, Secretary
Anthropology and Sociology
Benjamin Freed, Eastern Kentucky University, Chair
Secretary- vacant
Cellular and Molecular Biology
Melissa, Mefford, Morehead State University, Chair
Secretary- vacant
Chemistry: Analytical/ Physical
Thomas Hess, University of Pikeville, Chair
Jay Baltisberger, Berea College, Secretary
Chemistry: Organic / Inorganic
Elizabeth Thomas, University of Pikeville, Chair
Buchang Shi, Eastern Kentucky University, Secretary
Computer and Information Sciences
Jerzy Jaromczyk, University of Kentucky, Chair
Secretary- vacant
Ecology
Cy Mott, Eastern Kentucky University, Chair
Secretary- vacant
Engineering
Environmental Science
John Starnes, Kentucky Community and Technical College System, Chair
Marvin Ruffner, Asbury University, Secretary
Geography
Christopher Day, University of Louisville, Chair
Charlie Zhang, University of Louisville, Secretary
Geology
Ann Harris, University of Kentucky, Chair
Sarah Arpin, University of Kentucky, Secretary
Health Sciences
Lingyu Huang, Kentucky State University, Chair
Avinash Tope, Kentucky State University, Secretary
Mathematics
Kyle Besing, Kentucky Wesleyan College, Chair
Justin Trulen, Kentucky Wesleyan College, Secretary
Microbiology
Simran Banga, Western Kentucky University, Chair
Bill Staddon, Microbiology, Eastern Kentucky University, Secretary
Physics and Astronomy
Thomas Jarvis, Eastern Kentucky University, Chair
Marilyn Akins, Kentucky Community and Technical College System, Secretary
Physiology and Biochemistry
Tracy Livingston, Georgetown College, Chair
Secretary- vacant
Psychology
Richard Osbaldiston, Eastern Kentucky University, Chair
Matthew Shake, Western Kentucky University, Secretary
Science Education
Melody Danley, University of Kentucky, Chair
Kathryn Broadbent, Kentucky Community and Technical College System, Secretary
Zoology
Roy Scudder-Davis, Berea College, Chair
Jeremy Gibson, Kentucky Wesleyan College, Secretary
KAS Annual Meeting Online Program, 2020
KAS Code of Conduct
The Kentucky Academy of Science Annual Meeting is an interdisciplinary professional environment that cultivates scientific discovery and understanding.
Thank you for contributing to our advancement of science by behaving professionally, respectfully and collegially at all times.
Find our complete KAS Code of Ethics at our website
All times published in this program are Eastern Time
KAS members may prefer to join the KAS Business meeting at 4:30pm Friday where we will announce new board members and award the Excellence in Science Education award.
The broad objective of this research is to improve the specificity, selectivity and reliability of the analytical methods used to identify three regioisomeric aromatase inhibitors; 5-alpha-Androstan-17-one, 5-alpha-Androst-16-en-3?-ol and 17-beta-Hydroxy-5-alpha-androst-2-ene. A combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques namely, HPLC, GC-MS, and FT-IR, will be used to generate the analytical profiles of the three regioisomeric drugs in addition to discriminating among them. In addition, this project is aiming to improve chromatographic resolution between the three studies compounds to provide additional layer of discrimination when the mass spectra are nearly identical.
In this work, readily available absorbent household materials such as microfiber and paper-based products have shown to be effective in the collection of ILs from non-porous surfaces such as ceramic tile. Fibers from these materials are attached to a solid backing which ensures the removal of the fibers from the pores containing the IL. Ten materials of varying chemical compositions were taken through several validation analyses to determine the presence of interferences and to evaluate absorption and collection capabilities. While these materials were able to recover an IL efficiently from a non-porous surface, recovery from a porous concrete surface was significantly lower. To optimize collection several aspects such as the texture of the surface and of the lifting material will have been considered and will be described in this presentation. The use of an absorbent lifting material to recover ILs will offer a simplified and improved collection and recovery process.
Farmers routinely administer supplements and growth promotors containing synthetic and natural hormones to beef cattle to improve production efficiency. As a result of these feeding operations, steroidal hormones have been detected in runoff, soil and manure samples. These steroidal hormones enter the environment when cattle waste is applied to agricultural lands as manure. Hence it is important to analyze the potential risk of applying cattle waste directly from the storage systems of the feeding operations to the farming lands. During anaerobic digestion (a farm animal waste treatment process), free estrogens undergo microbial degradation to their conjugated forms, which are more mobile and persistent in the environment. Our research is focused on estimating the concentration of free and conjugated estrone and 17?-estradiol estrogens in anaerobically digested cattle waste using liquid and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques. The outcome of this study will also assist in regulating disposal & waste management practices.
A variety of readily available household absorbent materials were analyzed to determine their collection efficiency of ILRs for both nonporous ceramic tiles and porous concrete samples. Examination of each material included both physical characteristics (surface texture, fiber size, etc.) through microscopic examination and chemical composition determined by FTIR analysis. This presentation explores the relationships (or lack thereof) between the texture and composition of the material with the material's ability to adequately recover ILRs from each surface type.
This research project investigated the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus versus antibiotic-sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus within the Berea College community. Bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus is part of our healthy human flora. When our human flora is exposed to pathogenic bacterial strains, such as S. aureus, the normal skin flora's beneficiary bacteria, such as Staphylococcus epidermis, will attack the foreign pathogens. If the S. aureus infects the tissues or wound site, it could cause localized infections, abscess, pneumonia, or joint/bone infections. Antibiotics are typically used to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections and could be considered powerful drugs that kill bacteria or slow their growth. The problem is the inappropriate use of antibiotics, such as S. aureus, has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. This antibiotic resistance eliminates the effectiveness of antibiotics allowing the bacteria to survive and continue replication. The purpose of my study was to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus on human skin and determine the sensitivity of the bacterium to antibiotics. The results of this study demonstrates that no single antibiotic worked for 100% of the isolates and different isolates of S. aureus demonstrates different patterns of antibiotic sensitivities. The researchers attribute the multiple drug-resistant strains of S. aureus to the pervasive over-use and over-prescription of antibiotics.
Mindfulness interventions were found to have a strong effect on physical performance (d = 0.80), a small negative effect on negative emotional states, e.g., anxiety (d = -0.29, groups that received mindfulness interventions had lower anxiety), and a moderate positive effect on positive emotional states, e.g., flow (d = 0.59). Two studies combined emotional and physical exhaustion as the dependent variable, and mindfulness had a strong negative effect on this variable (d = -0.94). Overall, results indicate that mindfulness can play a beneficial role in sport psychology.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are increasingly common in our society; recent estimates of prevalent rates suggest that 1 in 59 children have some form of the disorder. ASD is characterized by deficits in social skills and communication, as well as engagement in stereotypical or repetitive behaviors. Could animals be the key to helping children with ASD improve these skills and behaviors? To answer this question, I searched Psycinfo and Google Scholar and located 17 studies that provided data about the effect animals have on children with ASD. The effect size (Cohen's d) was computed for each study. There was a great deal of variation in the effect sizes (range from 0.01 to 1.00), and a weighted average of d=0.67, which reveals a moderate-to-strong effect, indicating that animals can have a positive effect on children with ASD. Further research is needed to determine the effects of specific moderators on this relationship.
It has been previously shown that different literature genres affect readers' recall performance and persuasion ratings (Muis et al., 2019; Zwaan, 1994). These studies had looked independently at genre, but not at interactions. The current study sought to investigate how genre type (persuasive, procedural, and narrative) might be most effective in promoting recall and also persuasion. Seventy-five undergraduate psychology students at Eastern Kentucky University participated in an online survey in which they were placed in one of the three literature genre conditions based around myths about COVID-19 and mask-wearing procedures. Participants first completed a reading engagement and health authority trust scale before reading their assigned condition. After reading the assigned text, participants completed recall questions and rated how influential they found the text to be. Our results indicated promising but not significant genre effects on recall and persuasion.
Keywords: literature genres, recall, persuasion
We'll talk about themes in
Ruth Tyson's open letter to the Union of Concerned Scientists and
Paige Greenwood's UCS blog post
Esther Odekunle's letter in Science magazine
Joseph Graves' and Erich Jarvis' open letter on scientists & racial justice
Where do we see racism in our scientific systems?
Where do each of us interact with those systems and how can we use our influence there?
COVID-19: Applied Science in Action
Friday Nov. 6, 1 PM
Dr. Steven J. Stack, MD, MBA, FACEP,
Commissioner, Kentucky Department for Public Health
Steven J. Stack, MD, MBA, FACEP was appointed commissioner of the Kentucky Department for Public Health by Gov. Andy Beshear in February, 2020. He resides in Lexington, Ky and is a practicing board-certified emergency physician.
For more than 20 years Dr. Stack has been a leader in the medical profession. He has served on boards of directors and in senior leadership roles for numerous geographic and specialty medical societies. In 2006, he became the first emergency physician ever elected to the American Medical Association (AMA) board of trustees, subsequently serving as board chair and in 2015-2016 as the youngest AMA president since 1854.
Dr. Stack has served as medical director of multiple emergency departments, including St. Joseph East, Lexington, St. Joseph Mt. Sterling, KY and Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, Tenn. He has more than 18 years of emergency medicine administrative and clinical practice experience in Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee.
In 2018, Dr. Stack joined The University of Tennessee Haslam College of Business as adjunct professor. In this role, he lectures on healthcare policy and the mechanics of advocacy to physicians in the physician executive MBA program and to both physician and non-physician healthcare leaders enrolled in executive education programs.
Dr. Stack has focused experience in health information technology (IT). A nationally recognized advocate, he bridges bedside care with governmental policy and has served on numerous federal advisory committees for the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology from 2010 -2016. Additionally, he served from 2012 - 2016 as board member and secretary of eHealth Initiative, a Washington, DC-based non-profit association improving health care through the advancement of health IT.
His other areas of expertise include emergency department and hospital management, health system reform, physician licensure and regulation and healthcare anti-trust issues. Dr. Stack has extensive experience in policymaking and advocacy at federal, state and county levels and before legislative bodies and executive branch regulatory agencies. He also is a skilled public spokesperson and longtime advocate for universal access to affordable and high quality healthcare.
Born and raised in Cleveland, Dr. Stack graduated magna cum laude from the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Mass. where he was a Henry Bean Scholar for classical studies. He returned to Ohio to complete medical school and emergency medicine residency at The Ohio State University before moving to Memphis to begin his clinical practice. In 2006,Dr. Stack and his family relocated to Lexington. In December 2017 he completed his MBA at UT Knoxville Haslam College of Business.
Dr. Stack is married and the proud father of one daughter. His wife, Tracie, is an MD, PhD and practicing board-certified allergy/asthma/ immunology specialist. In his leisure time, Dr. Stack enjoys the study of classical Greek and Roman history, United States presidential history, photography and traveling with his wife and daughter.
information about the features of the Earth's surface. These maps are traditionally
created by surveyors in the field by measuring sets of points throughout
a coverage area. These measurements are then converted into a topographic map
representing the terrain by the use of contour lines. The focus of this research
is to reduce the cost and time efforts for surveying land to generate topographic
maps. We introduce an approach for developing a low-cost autonomous quadcopter
UAV that uses LiDAR and CMOS image (camera) data to perform coverage
area surveying to generate topographic maps. The terrain data acquired by
our approach is post-processed on a dedicated server that displays the layered
topographic map to the user in a web browser.
In this research, I dove into the nature of PRNGs and explored more deeply how they work and actually generate random numbers. I then made my own PRNG, though it is a bad PRNG it is somewhat random. To check this, I performed some known tests on the PRNGs and I further explain how machine learning could be used as a technique to test its randomness. Combined with another known good PRNG, like java's Math.random(), the ML algorithm will use supervised learning to try to determine which PRNG created a given random number and depending on how many correct guesses, the PRNG will be considered good or bad.
To complete this goal, I am using the programming language Python 3, along with some utility modules, such as Flask, to create a website and WTForms for handling complex online forms and queries. I am also using SQLite, which allows me to construct and query databases. Tying all of these components with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for added functionality and visual appeal will produce a useful and user-friendly searching system.
This project is a part of the KY Young Researchers program with Drs. Allison P. Burkette and Jerzy W. Jaromczyk as my research mentors. This research project is being conducted throughout my senior year of high school.
There is a rapid proliferation of devices for monitoring brain signals. These are now reaching the general consumer, who may not have the skills or software to analyze their own electroencephalogram (EEG) or other biosignal data. The purpose of this work is to develop a web-based software interface that: 1) Is capable of filtering and visualizing EEG data, and 2) Allows the user to experiment with and learn about the dynamics of the brain through the basic analysis of such data.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The file player was tested on sample recordings made using the OpenBCI EEG system in which repeated eye closure at intervals of 10 seconds modulated the 8-13 Hz alpha rhythm of the EEG. This modulation is made apparent by applying an 8-13 Hz bandpass filter, followed by plotting the mean-squared average signal power in a moving window. As expected, the alpha power is suppressed when the eyes are open and elevated upon eye closure. The dynamic changes in bandpower are visualized by plotting their values as circles on the corresponding scalp locations using a colormap. The results of all analysis operations were confirmed by comparing the outputs against an analysis performed on Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA). The interface was found to reproduce recordings in real time with various filters. An informal focus group found the features to be intuitive and provided useful feedback time for further development.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1539068.
The identification and classification of telomeric reads involves computational techniques. Two approaches were considered: exact matching, and a fuzzy sliding-window matching curated for identifying telomeric reads. After testing, it was determined that the fuzzy algorithm ran faster and found more telomeric reads than exact matching. We then clustered the telomeric reads based on telomere-adjacent regions. We found that we were able to identify all chromosome ends as individual clusters. We also found four potential de novo telomeres which did not cluster, but matched to the assembled genome. Three corresponded to MoTeR elements, and one matched in multiple places but did not correspond to any transposon elements.
In the future, we plan to apply this process to more genomes and collect more information on de novo telomeres as well as the properties of telomeric raw reads.
In order to create a single VR environment for multiple users, cloud computing technology was integrated into the software. A High-Level API (HLAPI) System was used to create a network between patients. HLAPI is a server authoritative system which allows one of the participants to be a client and the server at the same time, thus no dedicated server process is required. To host and develop the environment, Unity, a real-time development platform, was used. As a result, by integrating cloud computing technology, patients are able to interact within a single environment which increases the effectiveness of VRET combat-related PTSD treatment.
Climate change is expected to negatively impact species worldwide, with species exhibiting varied ecological and evolutionary responses. Relatively sessile taxa, such as amphibians, will likely be precluded from large-scale migration in response to climate change, thus necessitating evolutionary and/or developmental responses 'in place'. Phenotypic plasticity may assist in mitigating climate change effects under such circumstances by allowing populations to 'track' changing climate with appropriate phenotypic responses. However, the abundant center distribution hypotheses predicts population density declines with increasing distance from the centers of species' geographic ranges, and similar hypotheses predict similar declines in genetic diversity. Small, geographically marginal populations may therefore exhibit reduced capacities for phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change, though this relationship has not been directly tested. To determine how geographically central and marginal populations respond to climate change via phenotypic plasticity, we utilized mesocosm approaches to monitor the growth and development of larval Jefferson salamanders (Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green 1827)) under current, and predicted future, climate scenarios. While this study is ongoing, our results will have important conservation implications by quantifying potential geographic variation in the ability to adaptively respond to climate change and thus the need for phenotype- or locality-specific conservation strategies.
The Australian crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) has become increasingly common in the aquaculture industry due to its larger size and tolerance of environmental conditions such as temperature, hypoxia, and water quality. There is a high risk of the species being introduced into the wild, as aquaculture ponds are commonly in association with natural streams and ponds. Likewise, public use, and disposal, of crustaceans is known to not be tightly controlled which could lead to competitive interactions with other widespread native species. Therefore, we are interested in examining the behavioral nature of C. quadricarinatus in the intraspecies pairing as well as interspecies pairing with a well-established model of an aggressive native crayfish (P. clarkii). To accomplish this, crayfish were isolated for 2 weeks and then paired for 20 min with video monitoring. Similar sized C. quadricarinatus were used for pairing from small (4-5 cm body length) to large (~15 cm). Only large C. quadricarinatus and large P. clarkii were paired. Thus far, small C. quadricarinatus are more aggressive in their intraspecies pairings than either the large C. quadricarinatus or the P. clarkii. The results of this ongoing investigation will establish the social nature of the previously unstudied C. quadricarinatus.
Microstegium vimineum, known as Japanese stiltgrass, is an invasive annual grass which creates monocultures in native forest areas, outcompetes native understory species, decreases diversity, and prevents the regeneration of native trees. Development of more successful management strategies for this species depends on understanding the factors contributing to its competitive success. Invasive plants often form novel associations with soil organisms, and in other systems arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been shown to facilitate establishment and spread of these plants. Microstegium is also known to form associations with AMF, but research has yet to demonstrate whether this association has a role in Microstegium invasion and dominance over native vegetation. We conducted a field survey in invaded and uninvaded habitats across six sites near Louisville, KY to evaluate the importance of AMF in Microstegium invasion relative to abiotic factors known to be important to success of this species (e.g., light and soil nutrients). We found no difference in AMF extraradical hyphal abundance between invaded and uninvaded habitats, nor in AMF root colonization in Microstegium across abiotic gradients, indicating little role for AMF in Microstegium spread. However, our results did show a relationship between AMF root colonization and Microstegium morphological traits, with a significant negative association to specific leaf area.
Old-growth forests are characterized by high species diversity, little evidence of human disturbances, tree-fall gaps, and provide important habitat for organisms that specifically rely on a variety of these characteristics, such as many bird and insect species. The forest on the south-facing slope at Boone Cliffs Nature Preserve in Burlington, KY is considered a diverse old-growth mixed mesophytic forest (H' = 1.86 in 2019; 2.06 in 1997). Tree survey data of six plots (0.04 ha/plot) collected in 2019 were compared to data from a 1977 publication to test for changes in community composition and diversity. The forest remained similar (81% Bray and Curtis, 93.3 Jaccard's similarity) between the two years, while we saw increases in forest density (283 to 375 trees/ha) and basal area (21.6 to 28.9 m²/ha), suggesting both the recruitment and growth of established trees. Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) had the highest density of shrubs and saplings in size class 3 (DBH of 1.27-3.84 cm) at 241.7 trees/ha in 2019, but was not observed in 1997. A shade-tolerant species, Acer saccharum remained the dominant tree species over time, increasing in importance value [from 66.4 (1977) to 75.1 (2019)] while Quercus muhlengergii greatly decreased in importance [from 54.49 (1977) to 26.36 (2019)], possibly due to direct competition and increased shade and canopy closure. The invasion of L. maackii should be monitored to preserve species diversity.
Fish mince was prepared from Asian carp by deboning through 3 mm orifice. Fish mince was mixed with cryoprotectants (40 g sucrose, 40 g sorbitol, and 3g tripolyphoshate per Kg) or natural ingredients (powdered ginger, sage and rosemary) at 0.5 %, 1%, and 2%, respectively. Fish mince with no additives was used as the control. The samples were stored at -20 C for one month before the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined after the samples were placed on ice for up to 16 days. During refrigerated storage, the TBARS values of the fish mince increased from 0.013 increased to mg 0.048 MDA/kg after 16 days (Control group) and from 0.014 to 0.039 mg MDA/kg (Cryoprotectant group), respectively. However with the addition of natural ingredients, the TBARS value of mince remained relatively low (0.008-0.013 mg MDA/kg). Use of natural ingredients, such as, ginger, sage or rosemary powders may be used to help to maintain the quality of fish mince from Asian carp.
Method: Participants were 382 college students (79% female, 76% Caucasian, mean age = 19.45 years, SD = 3.03) who completed online measures that assessed emotion regulation difficulties, alcohol use frequency, and alcohol-related problems. Emotion regulation difficulties were measured using the validated Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) which is made up of six subscales.
Results: In a linear regression model, a significant effect was found between the six DERS subscales, level of drinking, and alcohol-related problems, (F(6, 343) = 25.73, p < .000, R2 = .31). The individual predictors were examined further and indicated that only one subscale, difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior (t = 3.52, p < .000) was a significant predictor.
Discussion: These results underscore the importance of emotion regulation, specifically the ability to engage in goal-directed behavior, in the context of understanding alcohol-related problems. Intervention and prevention efforts aimed at enhancing goal-directed behavior may reduce alcohol-related problems in college students.
One of the possible causes of teacher turnover is ineffective leadership. To investigate this hypothesis, I located sixteen empirical studies that assessed the relationship between leadership behaviors and teacher turnover, satisfaction and/or retention (total sample size N = 43,218). I found that overall leadership and retention rates are moderately related, r = .45. I also determined that some specific leadership types have a strong positive correlation with teacher satisfaction. For example, transformational leadership and teacher satisfaction were strongly related, r = .61. Principal interpersonal skills and teacher satisfaction were also quite strongly related, r = .57. Furthermore, I found that some leadership styles have a strong negative correlation with teacher satisfaction. Unfortunately, the research is still fractured, and I was unable to test important moderator variables like gender and location. This is a topic that definitely warrants further research.
We will present the KAS Excellence in Science Education and Outreach Award, and welcome new KAS Board members. We'll also share updates about KAS' new Code of Ethics. If you are not registered for the Annual Meeting and did not get a link in your meeting registration, KAS members may Email us to get a link to join
Andrew Elliott and Margaret Ndinguri
Eastern Kentucky University Chemistry Department
Radionuclide therapies have become valuable tools for cancer therapy and imaging. One of the more promising cores for use in radiotherapeutics is the fac-99mTc(CO)3 coordination-complex, this as a result of its ideal gamma wave emission and simple coordination chemistry. Rhenium, the next element down in group 7, is frequently used as a stand in for research into potential stable 99mTc complexes due to its radioactivity and relative expense. Several methods exist for ligating group seven tricarbonyl cores to organic molecules; however, few show high fidelity to single isomers and resilience to reactive amino acid residues. Additional challenges are associated with the delicate hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity balance that must be achieved for radionuclide-complexed organic molecules to reach target tissues and to be excreted in safe timeframes. Development of a small symmetrical triamine tridentate ligation system has shown promise in addressing the aforementioned challenges associated with 99mTc conjugation. Of specific importance is the modularity of the central region of this dien-ligation complex. Addition of small peptides and coumarinoid fluorophores has been achieved with relative ease, in respectable yields, using peptide synthesis techniques that are readily available. Targeting molecule addition to the central amide of the dien-ligand backbone may result in rapid development of highly targeted gamma ray emission tumor imaging agents that are both less toxic than modern radio-therapies, and more capable of imaging ever-smaller neoplastic clusters.
Bailey Hardy, Stephanie Saner, Luis Montes, Chaise Short, Anna Benz, Thao Tran, Bailey Kemme, Joseph Ashley, Anna Vernier, Emily Brown, Jacobly Gardner, Doug Johnson, Kim Richards, Owen Sharp, and KC Russell
The purpose of this work is to develop a method to synthesize annulene-o,m,o,m-oxacalix[4]arene hybrids. These molecules are expected to adopt a conformation where the annulenes are in a close, cofacial orientation, resembling a tweezer. Once prepared, these hybrids will provide insights into the interactions between cofacial aromatic and antiaromatic systems. To develop the methodology for the synthesis of these annulene-oxacalixarene hybrids, a series p-substituted phenylethynyl-o,m,o,m-oxacalix[4]arenes is being prepared. The substituents range from strongly electron withdrawing to strongly electron donating, allowing a systematic study of the electronic nature of the phenylethynyloxacalixarenes and providing experience on how to synthesize and purify annulene compounds. This poster will discuss our progress in the preparation of the phyenyethynyloxacalixarene series.
It is believed that PDMS beads are effective as a substrate for photocatalysts to facillitate the breakdown of organic pollutants.
In this study, we selected the Marrowbone Creek-Russel Fork watershed in Pike County, Kentucky, , to estimate the total soil loss in 2019. This estimation was calculated utilizing the empirically based mathematical model, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The USLE is utilizes five parameters (a rainfall erosivity index, a soil erodibility,, a slope, length of slope , crop management types, and a supporting conservation practice factors) to estimate annual soil loss in ton/ha/yr. With this research, results are reported in four maps, including a map detailing the estimated soil loss across the study site. The estimated soil loss of the study site was 309.91 ton/ha/yr. Ultimately, more study and research into the specificity and rigor of determining each factor is necessary to proceed further in this project.
field
Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) is a widespread invasive shrub that has invaded many
forests in the region, with adverse effects on forest communities. Over the past 8 years, a native
leaf pathogen, honeysuckle leaf blight (Insolibasidium deformans) has been observed infecting
L. maackii, and previous work has shown that it inhibits seedling growth under greenhouse
conditions. It appears to preferentially attack leaves on 'long' shoots, which grow rapidly to
exploit light patches are and responsible for the shrub's competitive success. Thus, determining
the extent to which this fungus affects L. maackii in the field is important for determining its
potential for control of honeysuckle. In this study, conducted at the NKU Research & Education
Field Station in Melbourne, KY, we harvested 18 forest understory shrubs to determine the
extent of blight infection. Shoots were sorted into long and short shoots, with long shoots having
>5 cm internodal distance and lighter bark color. Leaves were sorted into blighted and
unblighted leaves. Because smaller shrubs had a higher proportion of long shoots, which were
more susceptible to blight (12.3% of mass fraction vs. 0.3% for short shoots), they had more
blighted leaves. Thus, reduced growth or mortality is likely to be higher in small shrubs. The
next steps are to look at the population structure of forest understory stands to see if smaller
size classes are reduced relative to earlier studies and to see if similar results are found in open-grown stands.
Kentucky appears to be in the process of moving from a four-season weather pattern to a monsoonal weather pattern. A longer planting season at the beginning and end of plant life cycle underlines the changing in the weather patterns. With the changing of the weather pattern, the slow absorption of water through the snow and ice of winter is changing to rain that is often heavier than the soil can absorb, resulting in run-off. This is detrimental to farms by carrying topsoil and fertility away from the farm. These heaver rains leave the land wet longer so historical planting times may be delayed, while longer summers with heat dry out the land and leave an arid condition hampering traditional Kentucky agricultural production. Farmers need to adapt to and mitigate the effects of weather for sustainable farm production.
This project examined the most recent 20 years of climate station data, including precipitation, air temperature, and severe weather reports, as well as space-based measurement of the normalized difference vegetation index to better understand the impacts of a changing climate on the productivity of natural and managed lands in Kentucky counties.
Results indicate overall vegetation productivity has increased substantially across all months of the year across the state. In particular, the months of June and July have experienced significant increases in precipitation amounts and air temperatures. Changes in the occurrence of severe weather reports are uncertain, as the record is not a systemic product. The information derived from this study can aid farmers and land managers in mitigating the impacts from climate change by changing the rotation schedules or the timing in planting activities.
The transient receptor potential (TRPA - ankyrin) receptor has been linked to pathological conditions in cardiac function in mammals. To better understand the function of the TRPA in regulation of the heart function the Drosophila melanogaster model was used to express TRPA in heart and body wall muscles. Heartbeat of in intact larvae as well as hearts in situ, devoid of hormonal and neural input indicate that strong activation of larvae over expressing TRPA at 30 or 37C stopped the heart from beating, but in a diastolic state. Cardiac function would recover upon cooling and short exposure to high temperature. Parental control (UAS-TRPA) increased heart rate transiently at 30 and 37C and, the heart rates at 370C would slow down within 3 minutes for in-situ vs in-vivo preparations. The in-situ preparations maintained an elevated rate at 30C. The heartbeat in the TRPA expressing line could not be revived at 370C with serotonin. Thus, TRPA activation may have allowed enough Ca2+ influx to activate K(Ca)+ channels into a form of diastolic stasis. TRPA activation in body wall muscle confirmed a depolarization of membrane. The Phaenicia sericata increased heartbeat at 30 and 370C.
Male and female quail were administered eticlopride or vehicle followed by cocaine or vehicle daily for seven days. Quail's distance traveled was recorded for 30 minutes in open field chambers. Cocaine sensitization was observed in females pre-treated with 0.03 or 0.05 mg/kg eticlopride but not in cocaine-only females. As predicted for saline pre-treated males, cocaine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization were observed (Gill et al., 2015). Contrary to our hypotheses, eticlopride did not enhance cocaine-induced locomotor activity or produce cocaine-induced sensitization in male quail. Further research is needed to investigate the neuroprotective properties of D2 receptors and potential therapeutic applications for cocaine use disorder.
Saturday, Nov.7, 12 noon
Chris Atchison PhD
Executive Director, International Association for Geoscience Diversity, University of Cincinnati
Chris Atchison, PhD specializes in Geoscience Education. His research interest includes fostering full access and inclusion in the Earth Sciences for students and scientists with sensory, orthopedic, and developmental disabilities. He is the Executive Director of the International Association for Geoscience Diversity (www.TheIAGD.org), an organization charged with advocating for students and geoscientists with disabilities, while promoting an accessible pathway into the Geoscience workforce through the development of innovative and inclusive research opportunities and instructional strategies.
The STEM Ready program consists of a two-week bridge program and first-year seminar support courses aimed at increasing access, retention, and graduation rates of URM students in STEM by improving math readiness for students enrolled in or interested in STEM programs. The two-week bridge program consists of programming in four areas: math content using the Assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces (ALEKS) system; guided STEM research projects in biology, chemistry, and data science; study skills sessions emphasizing growth mindset; and developing a sense of place on campus.
This summer, 22 students enrolled in an online version of the STEM Ready program, 7 of whom advanced their skills enough to result in placement in a higher-level math course. Lessons learned from this pilot program will be incorporated into the online and face-to-face versions that will take place in the summer of 2021.
A total of 128 cadets (3.9%) switched majors during the academic year, with the most cadets switching majors within either STEM or nonSTEM. Twenty-four cadets (0.74%) switched out of STEM, and seven (0.22%) switched into STEM. Sophomores changed majors four times as much as juniors. STEM departers were more likely to have a low GPA and to come from a preparatory school, and were less likely to be scholars, international or ESL students. Cadets who went from undeclared to STEM majors were more likely to have higher Core GPA and SAT scores, and were less likely to participate in athletics.
Since relatively few cadets switch majors after declaring, retention efforts to keep cadets who intend to major in STEM from declaring a nonSTEM major should occur during their first year at the Academy.
Concept Mapping is a well-known technique that helps engage and deepen conceptual understanding, while providing meaningful connections in the classroom. A related technique, known as Concept Sketching, requires students to draw situations or models while including terms and definitions to help explain what is happening in their sketch. This approach engages students and enables them to demonstrate prior understanding while building on that knowledge as they learn more information on the topic. It is hypothesized that when applying Concept Sketching in the classroom, higher overall assessment scores and greater improvement between pre- and post-test scores will be seen in student performance. The research is conducted using two sections of the same class, where both sections are introduced to Concept Sketches through the instructor drawing them on the board, but only one section is highly encouraged (and required at times) to use Concept Sketches in their studying and note taking habits. In our results, the intervention group did show significant gains between pre and post testing, while the control group did not. However, even though the intervention group did have greater gains than the control group, the overall post test scores from each class were not significantly different. The introduction of Concept Sketching via our methods appears to have merit as an intervention, but more data needs to be collected to sufficiently support this conclusion.
KSU FDDL staff advised a producer in August and September 2020 regarding mortality and abnormal swimming behavior in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). After several antibiotic treatments were administered unsuccessfully, two parasitic protozoans and external bacteria were identified as the mortality causative pathogens. Three treatment recommendations were made, and those results were reported.
Salt (NaCl) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) were applied at rates of 4 g/L and 4 mg/L, respectively. Follow-up examination of fish from the same population showed improvement in the gill tissues and no parasitic protozoans after 5 days. Columnaris, a disease caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, was identified in the follow-up exam. Harvester® herbicide (active ingredient diquat dibromide) was used and mortality was dramatically decreased.
The aquaculture industry has expressed interest in the use of the chemical diquat dibromide as a water cleanser for years. Lab trials have decreased columnaris associated mortality in walleye (Sander vitreus) using diquat (Bowker et. al. 2016). However, clinical and toxicological research are limited for its value in largemouth bass production.
ABSTRACT
The mobility of four trace metals (Cr, Mo, Cu, and Zn) from soils amended with municipal sewage sludge (SS) into plants grown at three locations in Kentucky was investigated to compare metal concentrations in plants to their permissible standard limits. The field experiments were established at Meade, Adair, and Franklin Counties in Kentucky areas where commercial growers use SS as alternative to inorganic fertilizers. Soil and plant tissue were used for extraction and quantification of metals using an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometer. Results revealed that different trace metals had different uptake pattern by different plants. Cr concentrations in beans has shown very little indication of accumulation in bean seeds. Cr and Mo concentrations in plants grown at the three locations were below the permissible level of 1.3 µg g-1 tissue. Other than onion bulbs, Cu concentrations were above the permissible level of 10 µg g-1 tissue in plants grown at Meade site. At the Adair site, Cu was above the limit only in tobacco leaves. Whereas at Franklin site, Cu was above the limit in potato tubers, onion bulbs, and tomato fruits. Zn concentration in all plants tested never exceeded the permissible level of 0.6 µg g-1 tissue.
Overall results revealed that yield obtained from SS treatment was significantly greater (4.4 kg fruit -1) than that of NM treatment (3.6 kg fruit -1). In addition, cultivar Howden produced the greatest fruit weight (4.6 kg fruit-1) compared to Renegade and Gumdrop cultivars (4.1 and 3.3 kg fruit -1, respectively). Using the USDA pumpkin grades, US No. 1 grade had the greatest total weight compared to US No. 2 and culls. We recommend the use of variety Howden for growing pumpkin in soil amended with SS for greater yield and fruit quality.
To address this question, I am genetically engineering a circularized version of Chromosome XVI in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our method involves inserting DNA cassettes containing selectable markers at the ends of both arms of Chromosome XVI. The right arm will have a cassette with LEU2 and half of URA3 as the selectable markers, and the left arm will have a cassette with the other half of URA3 and HIS3. Once the cassettes have been integrated into both arms, we can select for a recombination event between the cassettes that joins the halves of URA3 and causes circularization. I have successfully confirmed integration of the cassettes in both arms of Chromosome XVI. I am currently selecting for the recombination event that will cause circularization utilizing this method. This experimental approach may eventually shed light on the evolution of linear chromosomes in eukaryotes.
Ladan Abbasi, Erica Hassoun, Jason Ho, Dae-Sung Hwangbo
Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208
Sleep and food consumption are two important homeostatically regulated behaviors essential for organisms' fitness, health, and longevity. These behaviors are mutually exclusive where animals can choose only one of them at given times. Extensive focus on sleep and feeding will make organisms vulnerable to predators while insufficient sleep and feeding will also lead to premature death. Therefore, a tight regulation between these two behaviors is critical for organisms' survival. Yet, the relationship between them is not fully understood. One hypothesis proposes an opposing role for these two behaviors in which shortened sleep stimulates higher feeding and vice versa. However, this hypothesis has not been fully tested in animal models. Here, taking advantage of the Sleep Inbred Panel (SIP) lines of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) artificially selected for long and short sleep phenotypes, we have tested the hypothesis. Using Drosophila Activity Monitor and Consumption-Excretion method, we quantified the sleep parameters (total sleep, bout numbers, bout lengths, etc) and food consumption of 37 short and long sleep SIP lines. Taken together, these findings give us a better insight into the relationship between food consumption and sleep.
In this talk, we will further introduce cops and robbers on a graph by discussing motivating questions for this research and existing results in the literature. We will also present a strategy that locates the robber on the Grötszch graph in three turns.
In this talk, we will further introduce cops and robbers on a graph to present a strategy that locates the robber on the Petersen graph in three turns. We will also present a strategy to locate robber in split graphs.
Special thanks to Western Kentucky University for providing us the funds through the FUSE Award #19-FA253.
galaxy RX J1117+6522. This NLS1 has been observed by the NASA Neil Gehrels Swift observatory
since 2006 and has exhibited strong flux and spectral variability. In particular RX J1117+6522
has shown strong changes in the optical to X-ray spectral slope alpha-ox. This slope describes
the strength of the accretion disk to the accretion disk corona. The strong changes in alpha-ox
in RX J1117+6522 may suggest a weakening and build-up again of the accretion disk corona.
galaxy Mkn 110. This galaxy is unusual among NLS1s due to its strong emission from the Narrow Line Region,
while exhibiting very weak FeII emission. The NASA Neil Gehrels Swift mission had started observing Mkn 110
since 2010 and has intensively observed it in 2017 with three observations per day. I will present the
long term lightcurves of Mkn 110 and will discuss spectral changes with respect to previous observations
in particular ROSAT.
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2024